Neuropsychiatry (see also Muscles)

Agitation

• low Calcium

• low Magnesium

• low Thiamine

Amnesia

• low Zinc

Anxiety

• low Chromium

• low Magnesium

• low Niacin (pellagra) (mild)

• high Phenylalanine

• low Phosphorus

• high S-Adenosyl-methionine (SAMe)

• high L-Tyrosine

Apathy

• low Folic Acid

• low Magnesium

• low Niacin (pellagra)

• low Protein (kwashiorkor)

• low Zinc

Aphasia

• high Calicum (transient)

Aphonia

• low Thiamine

Areflexia

• low Vitamin E

Asthenia

• high Vitamin A

Ataxia - see also Peripheral Neuropathy

• high Calcium

• low Copper

• low Magnesium

• low Sodium

• low Thiamine

• high Vitamin A

• low vitamin B12

Autonomic Dysfunction

• low Thiamine

Behavioral Disturbances

• low Magnesium

Burning Feet

• low Pantothenic acid

• low Thiamine

• low Vitamin B12

Cognitive Impairment (confusion, disorientation, memory loss)

• high or low Calcium

• high Copper

• low Folic Acid

• low Iron

• high or low Magnesium

• low Niacin (pellagra)

• low Phosphorus

• high or low Potassium

• high or low Sodium

• low Thiamine

• high L-Tyrosine

• high or low Vitamin B6

• low Vitamin B12

• low Zinc

Coma

• low Magnesium

• low Thiamine
      WARNING:  Give thiamine hydrochloride IV before administering glucose.  (Since thiamine is a cofactor in glucose metabolism, remaining thiamine stores will be utilized.)

depressed Deep Tendon Reflexes

• high Calcium

• low Folic Acid

• high Sodium

Delirium

• low Magnesium

Dementia

• low Niacin (pellagra) (late)

• low Thiamine

• low Vitamin B6

• low Vitamin B12

Depression

• low Biotin (rare)

• high or low Calcium

• high or low Copper

• low Folic Acid

• low Iron

• high or low Magnesium

• low Niacin (pellagra) (mild)

• low Pantothenic Acid

• low Para-aminobenzoic Acid (PABA)

• low Potassium

• low Riboflavin

• high Selenium

• low Sodium

• low Thiamine

• low Vitamin B6

• low Vitamin B12

• low Vitamin C (mild)

• high or low Zinc

Dizziness

• high Bismuth

• high or low Iron

• high Magnesium (hypotension)

• low Niacin (pellagra) (mild)

• low Phosphorus

• low Riboflavin

• low Sodium

• low Vitamin B6

• low Vitamin B12

Dysarthria

• high Potassium

Emotiional Lability (moodiness)

• low Niacin

• low Sodium

• low Vitamin B12

Epilepsy (seizures)

• high Folic Acid (exacerbation)

• high Gamma-Linolenic Acid (exacerbation)

• low Magnesium

• high or low Sodium

• low Vitamin B6 (infantile, drug-resistant)

• high Zinc (exacerbation of grand mal)

Excitability

• high Folic Acid

Extensor Plantar Responses ('Babinski's sign')

• low Vitamin B12

Faintness

• low Pantothenic Acid

• high Magnesium (hypotension)

Fatigue

• low Biotin (rare)

• low Calories

• low Chromium

• high or low Copper

• low Folic Acid

• low Iodine

• high or low Iron

• high or low Magnesium

• low Niacin  (mild)

• low Pantothenic Acid

• low Para-aminobenzoic Acid (PABA)

• low Phosphorus

• low Potassium

• high Selenium

• low Sodium

• low Thiamine

• high or low Vitamin A

• low Vitamin B6

• low Vitamin B12

• low Vitamin C (mild)

• high Vitamin E

• low Zinc

Gail Disturbance

• low Vitamin E

Gait, High Stepping

• low Riboflavin

• low Vitamin B6

• low Vitamin B12

Headache

• high Bismuth

• low Folic Acid

• high or low Iron

• low Niacin (pellagra) (mild)

• low Pantothenic Acid

• low Para-aminobenzoic Acid (PABA)

• high Phenylalanine

• high S-Adenosyl-methionine (SAMe)

• low Sodium

• high Thiamine

• high Vitamin A (acute)

• low Vitamin B12

Hydrocelphalus

• high Vitamin A

Hyperactivity

• low Calcium

• high Folic Acid

• high Sodium

• low Magnesium

Hyperesthesia (increased sensitivity to touch)

• low Biotin (rare)

Hypertonia

• high Sodium

Hypoesthesia (decreased sensitivity to touch)

• low Folic Acid ("stocking" distribution)

Hyporeflexia

• low Potassium

Incoordination

• low Pantothenic Acid

• low Thiamine

Insomnia

• low Biotin (rare)

• low Calcium

• high Chromium

• high Copper

• high or low Folic Acid

• low Magnesium

• low Niacin (pellagra)  (mild)

• low Pantothenic Acid

• low Potassium

• high Thiamine

• high L-Tyrosine

• high or low Vitamin A

• low Vitamin D

Irritability

• high or low Calcium

• high Chromium

• low Copper

• high Folic Acid

• low Iron

• low Magnesium

• low Molybdenum

• low Niacin (early)

• low Pantothenic Acid

• low Para-aminobenzoic Acid (PABA)

• low Phosphorus

• low Protein-Calorie (marasmus)

• high Selenium

• high Sodium

• high Thiamine

• high L-Tyrosine

• high Vitamin A

• low Vitamin B6

• low Vitamin B12

• low Vitamin C

• low Zinc

Korsakoff's Psychosis (confabulation & amnesia)

• low Thiamine

Lethargy

• low Folic Acid

• low Magnesium

• high Selenium

• low Sodium

• high Vitamin A

• low Zinc (moderate)

Lhermitte's Sign (an 'electric shock' sensation upon bending the neck)

• low Vitamin B12

Malaise

• high Folic Acid

• high Vitamin A

• low Vitamin C

Mania

• high Folic Acid

• high Gamma-Linolenic Acid (exacerbation)

• high L-Glutamine

• high L-5-Hydroxytryptophan

• high S-Adenosyl-methionine

Movement Disorders

• high Manganese

Nervousness

• low Calcium

• low Copper

• low Magnesium

• low Niacin (mild)

• low Pantothenic Acid

• low Potassium

• high or low Thiamine

• high L-Tyrosine

• low Vitamin B6

• low Vitamin D

Neuromuscular Excitability

• low Calcium

• low Magnesium

Numbness of Limbs

• low Thiamine

Pain Sensitivity

• low Thiamine

Paralysis

• high Selenium

Peripheral Neuropathy with Paresthesias (abnormal sensations such as burning, tingling or aching); later with sensory and motor deficits, including muscle weakness and reduced tendon reflexes

• low Calcium

• low Folic Acid

• low Magnesium

• low Niacin (pellagra)

• low Pantothenic Acid

• low Phosphorus

• high Selenium

• low Thiamine (beriberi) (late)

• high or low Vitamin B6  (sensory)

• low Vitamin B12

• low Vitamin C (scurvy)

• low Vitamin E

Pseudotumor Cerebri (increased intracranial pressure)

• high Vitamin A (acute)

Psychosis

• high or low Calcium

• high (exacerbation) or low Folic Acid

• low Magnesium

• low Niacin (pellagra)

• low Sodium

• low Vitamin B12

• high (hallucinations) or low Zinc

Restless Legs

• low Folic Acid

Restlessness

• high S-Adenosyl-methionine (SAMe)

• high L-Tyrosine

• high Vitamin A

Retrobulbar Neuropathy (increased pallor of the temporal aspect of the optic disc accompanied by pain behind the eyeball, photophobia and visual field defects)

• low Thiamine

• low Vitamin B12

Rigidity

• low Niacin (pellagra) (late)

Sedation

• high Niacinamide

Somnolence (sleepiness)

• high Vitamin A

• low Vitamin B6

Sonophobia

• low Magnesium

• low Thiamine

Subacute Combined Spinal Cord Degeneration

• low Folic Acid

• low Vitamin B12

Tetany

• low Calcium

• low Magnesium - causing hypocalcemia

• low Vitamin D

Tremor

• high Lithium

• low Magnesium

• low Niacin (pellagra) (late)

• high Sodium

Tremulousness

• low Phosphorus

Weakness

• low Biotin (rare)

• low Calcium

• high or low Copper

• low Folic Acid

• high or low Magnesium

• low Niacin

• low Pantothenic Acid

• low Phosphorus

• low Potassium

• low Protein

• high Selenium

• low Sodium

• high or low Thiamine

• high Vitamin A

• low Vitamin B6

• low Vitamin D

• high Vitamin E

Wernicke's Encephalopathy (initially disorientation, drowsiness, inattentiveness; later oculomotor disturbances, cerebellar ataxia and confusion)

• low Thiamine

References